The Effects Of Ocean Pollution On The Sea Turtles And The...

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Gun Control Opposing Viewpoints - 1449 Words

GUN CONTROL: OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS Introduction and Preliminary Research In a country where the people own more than 70 million handguns and perhaps one million automatic rifles and assault weapons, public opinion on gun control is understandably divided. Those opposed to gun control often cite the Second Amendment of the United States Constitution, which appears to guarantee private citizens the unrestricted right to bear arms; less theoretical arguments include the practical need for self-defense in a violent society, and the prospect of political tyranny in a society where only the government possesses weapons. Finally, the sporting rights of hunters and target shooters are said to be threatened by calls for registration of rifles and†¦show more content†¦Although numerous advocacy groups have emerged on both sides of the issues, the battles lines are most clearly drawn between the pro-gun National Rifle Association (NRA) and the gun-control groups comprised of the many associations of police officers and chiefs (POAs). The National Rifle Asso ciation, with over 3 million members nationwide and a large office building prominently located near the Capitol building in Washington, D.C., has aggressively fought gun registration and control for decades, and is said to be the most powerful lobby on Capitol Hill beside the government employees union. The NRA has been able to intimidate politicians by mounting a large single-issue lobby at election time, but President Clinton has announced his intention to sign the Brady Bill for tightened gun control, and in March of 1993 actually dared to criticize the NRA for lobbying against gun control efforts at the local, state and national level (Clinton Criticizes the NRA, 1993: 155). On the opposite side of the issue is a wide array of gun control groups, but perhaps the most significant are the police officer and police chief associations as a whole, which in the last decade have come out solidly in favor of increased handgun and automatic weapon registration and restriction. The street war with criminals, and the increasing incidence of mass murder, are finding America s police

Fghgfh Essay Example For Students

Fghgfh Essay All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn, according to Ernest Hemingway. Along with Ernest, many others believe that Huckleberry Finn is a great book, but is the novel subversive? Since this question is frequently asked, people have begun to look deeper into the question to see if this novel is acceptable for students in schools to read. First off subversive means something is trying to overthrow or destroy something established or to corrupt (as in morals). According to Lionel Trilling, No one who reads thoughtfully the dialectic of Hucks great moral crisis will ever again be wholly able to accept without some question and some irony the assumptions of the respectable morality by which he lives, or will ever again be certain that what he considers the clear dictates of moral reason are not merely the engrained customary beliefs of his time and place. Trilling feels that Huck Finn is such a subversive character that this will not make people believe in something totally again, because they will fear being wrong like the society in Huckleberry Finn was. I believe this and I think the subversion in the novel is established when Mark Twain begins to question the acceptable morality of society. Twain uses humor and effective writing to make Huckleberry Finn a subversive novel about society in the 19th century. Huck Finn, a boy referred to as white trash, is a boy that has grown up believing totally what society as taught him. This passage shows an example of how society teaches him. †¦And keep them till theyre ransomed. Ransomed? Whats that? I dont know. But thats what they do. Ive seen it in the books, and so of course thats what weve got to do. Well how can we do it if we dont know what it is? Why, blame it all, weve got to do it. Dont I tell you its in the books? Do you want to go to doing different from whats in the books, and get things all muddled up? (8-9) This is a conversation between Tom Sawyer and his gang of robbers. This shows how the boys are influenced by society and believe they most follow exactly what is in the books, because that is the right way to do things. In todays society, ransoming someone is a huge crime and is totally unacceptable. In this book, Twain makes ransoming a humorous issue. In fact, throughout the novel Twain makes violence a humorous issue and does not act upon it as a serious issue. This goes with the whole theme of the novel that there is no moral. The way Huck has been raised, he has no clue that what Toms gang wants to do is ludacrist, and should be totally unacceptable. Twain uses this conversation also to show the beginning of questioning throughout the novel. This will show a pattern of how Huck questions things to learn. Whatever Hucks hears, he believes is the right and acceptable answer. Toms Gang of Robbers was a part of humorous violence in the novel, but Huck would run into real violence as well. Huck faked his death, and headed down the river, and he decides to go ashore and stays with a stranger family named the GrangerfordsBibliography:

Titration Analysis of Aspirin Tablets Essay Example

Titration Analysis of Aspirin Tablets Paper Chemistry 12 12/Oct/2011 Titration- Analysis of Aspirin Tablets Objective: Determine the percentage of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) present in two different commercial tablets by titrating the solution with a base. Also determine whether the aspirin is a strong or weak acid according to the Bronsted- Lowry and Lewis theories and deduce the formula of the acid- base reaction. Independent Variable: The amount of base (NaOH) in moles that are needed to neutralize the solution. Dependent Variable: Percentage of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) found in each tablet. Materials: * Balance * 2 aspirin samples from different brands * 50 cm3 conical flask * 10. 00cm3 of 95% alcohol * 0. 100 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide * Phenolphthalein Procedure: 1. Bring samples of two different aspirin brands, note names, price, and the value of the aspirin per tablet indicated by the manufacturer. 2. Weight out accurately one tablet into a 50 cm3 conical flask and dissolve it in 10. 0cm3 of 95% alcohol. 3. Titrate with 0. 10 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution using two drops of phenolphthalein solution as indicator in the first trial. 4. For the next trials repeat steps 1 and 2, but instead of using an indicator use an electronic pH tester to measure the pH of the solution to determine when its neutral; (PH -7) . 5. Record data, ml used in titration to neutralize every aspirin trial. Raw Data Collection: Quantitative Data: Aspirin A: Trial| Aspirin Tablet| Uncertainty (ml)| Burette Reading NaOH(ml)| Resulting| Uncertainty (ml)| | (Grams)| | Initial (ml)| Uncertainty(ml)| Final (ml)| Uncertainty(ml)| NaOH (ml)| | 1| 0. 598| -+0. 001gr| 13. 50| -+0. 05ml| 40. 60| -+0. 05ml| 27. 10| -+0. 10ml| 2| 0. 603| -+0. 001gr| 11. 90| -+0. 05ml| 40. 80| -+0. 5ml| 28. 90| -+0. 10ml| 3| 0. 599| -+0. 001gr| 9. 50| -+0. 05ml| 37. 40| -+0. 05ml| 27. 90| -+0. 10ml| Average:| 0. 600| -+0. 001gr| 11. 63| -+0. 05ml| 39. 60| -+0. 05ml| 27. 97 | -+0. 10ml| Aspirin B: Trial| Aspirin Tablet| Uncertainty (ml)| Burette Reading NaOH (ml)| Resulting| Uncertainty (ml)| | (Grams)| | Initial (ml)| Uncertainty(ml)| Final (ml)| Uncertainty(ml)| NaOH (m l)| | 1| 0. 217| -+0. 001gr| 23. 60| -+0. 05ml| 28. 90| -+0. 05ml| 5. 30| -+0. 10ml| 2| 0. 223| -+0. 001gr| 28. 90| -+0. 05ml| 34. 50| -+0. 05ml| 5. 60| -+0. 10ml| 3| 0. 224| -+0. 001gr| 15. 10| -+0. 05ml| 20. 50| -+0. 05ml| 5. 0| -+0. 10ml| 4| 0. 229| -+0. 001gr| 20. 50| -+0. 05ml| 26. 20| -+0. 05ml| 5. 70| -+0. 10ml| Average:| 0. 223| -+0. 001gr| 22. 03| -+0. 05ml| 27. 53| -+0. 05ml| 5. 50| -+0. 10ml| Qualitative Data: Aspirin A: Bayer? s Aspirina 100 (pink) has 100mg. $3 (aprox. ) Aspirin B: Bayer? s Aspirina Protect (white) has 500mg. $2. 50 (aprox. ) Molarity of NaOH is 0. 10 ml/L -+0. 01 Molar mass of Aspirin (C9H8O4) is 180. 157g/mol. After dissolving the indicator in the distilled water it was still colorless, but when starting to add the base it turned to a slightly pink color, this assures that the compounds were reacting. We will write a custom essay sample on Titration Analysis of Aspirin Tablets specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Titration Analysis of Aspirin Tablets specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Titration Analysis of Aspirin Tablets specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The burette gives a -+0. 05ml uncertainty. The measurements of weigh in grams of the tablets have a -+0. 001gr uncertainty. All materials were cleaned to eliminate errors in pH measurement. Data Process: Aspirin A Trial 1 NaOH needed to neutralize: 27. 10 ml NaOH| 1 L| 0. 10 mol NaOH| =| 0. 00271 mol NaOH -+0. 11ml| | 1000 ml| 1 L NaOH| | | | Grams of Aspirin: 0. 00271 mol NaOH| 1 mol C9H8O4| 180. 157 g C9H804| =| 0. 48823 g C9H8O4| | 1 mol NaOH| 1 mol C9H804| | | Percentage of aspirin: 0. 48823 g| X| 100%| /| 0. 100 g | =| 488. 23 % C9H804| Percent Uncertainty: 0. 10 ml | x| 100%| /| 27. 10 ml| =| -+ 0. 37%| 0. 01 g | x| 100%| /| 0. 598 g| =| -+ 0. 17 %| -+ 0. 37%| +| -+ 0. 17 %| =| -+ 0. 54%| Trial 2 NaOH needed to neutralize: 28. 90 ml NaOH| 1 L| 0. 10 mol NaOH| =| 0. 00289 mol NaOH -+0. 11ml| | 1000 ml| 1 L NaOH| | | | Grams of Aspirin: 0. 00289 mol NaOH| 1 mol C9H8O4| 180. 157 g C9H804| =| 0. 5207 g C9H8O4| | 1 mol NaOH| 1 mol C9H804| | | Percentage of aspirin: 0. 5207 g| X| 100 %| /| 0. 100 g | =| 520. 65 % C9H804| Percent Uncertainty: 0. 10 ml | x| 100%| /| 28. 90 ml| =| -+ 0. 35%| 0. 001 g | x| 100%| /| 0. 603 g| =| -+ 0. 17 %| -+ 0. 35%| +| -+ 0. 17 %| =| -+ 0. 52%| Trial 3 NaOH needed to neutralize: 27. 90 ml NaOH| 1 L| 0. 0 mol NaOH| =| 0. 00279 mol NaOH -+0. 11ml| | 1000 ml| 1 L NaOH| | | | Grams of Aspirin: 0. 00279 mol NaOH| 1 mol C9H8O4| 180. 157 g C9H804| =| 0. 5026 g C9H8O4| | 1 mol NaOH| 1 mol C9H804| | | Percentage of aspirin: 0. 5026 g| X| 100%| /| 0. 100 g | =| 502. 64 % C9H804| Percent Uncertainty: 0. 10 ml | x| 100%| /| 27. 90 ml| =| -+ 0. 36%| 0. 001 g | x| 100%| /| 0. 599 g| =| -+ 0. 17 %| -+ 0. 36%| +| -+ 0. 17 %| =| -+ 0. 53%| Aspirin B Trial 1 NaOH needed to neutralize: 5. 30 ml NaOH| 1 L| 0. 10 mol NaOH| =| 0. 00053 mol NaOH -+0. 11ml| | 1000 ml| 1 L NaOH| | | | Grams of Aspirin: 0. 00053 mol NaOH| 1 mol C9H8O4| 180. 57 g C9H804| =| 0. 0955 g C9H8O4| | 1 mol NaOH| 1 mol C9H804| | | Percentage of aspirin: 0. 0955 g| X| 100%| /| 0. 100 g | =| 95. 48 % C9H804| Percent Uncertainty: 0. 10 ml | x| 100%| /| 5. 30ml| =| -+ 1. 89%| 0. 001 g | x| 100%| /| 0. 217 g| =| -+ 0. 46 %| -+ 1. 89%| +| -+ 0. 48 %| =| -+ 2. 35 %| Trial 2 NaOH needed to neutralize: 5. 60 ml NaOH| 1 L| 0. 10 mol NaOH| =| 0. 00056 mol NaOH -+0. 11ml| | 1000 ml| 1 L NaOH| | | | Grams of Aspirin: 0. 00056 mol NaOH| 1 mol C9H8O4| 180. 157 g C9H804| =| 0. 1009 g C9H8O4| | 1 mol NaOH| 1 mol C9H804| | | Percentage of aspirin: 0. 1009 g| X| 100%| /| 0. 100 g | =| 100. 9 % C9H804| Percent Uncertainty: 0. 10 ml | x| 100%| /| 5. 60 ml| =| -+ 1. 79 %| 0. 001 g | x| 100%| /| 0. 223 g| =| -+ 0. 45 %| -+ 1. 79 %| +| -+ 0. 45 %| =| -+ 2. 24%| Trial 3 NaOH needed to neutralize: 5. 40ml NaOH| 1 L| 0. 10 mol NaOH| =| 0. 00054 mol NaOH -+0. 11ml| | 1000 ml| 1 L NaOH| | | | Grams of Aspirin: 0. 00054 mol NaOH| 1 mol C9H8O4| 180. 157 g C9H804| =| 0. 0973 g C9H8O4| | 1 mol NaOH| 1 mol C9H804| | | Percentage of aspirin: 0. 0973 g| X| 100%| /| 0. 100 g | =| 97. 28 % C9H804| Percent Uncertainty: 0. 10 ml | x| 100%| /| 5. 40 ml| =| -+ 1. 85%| 0. 001 g | x| 100%| /| 0. 224 g| =| -+ 0. 45%| + 1. 85%| +| -+ 0. 45 %| =| -+ 2. 30%| Trial 4 NaOH needed to neutralize: 5. 70 ml NaOH| 1 L| 0. 10 mol NaOH| =| 0. 00057 mol NaOH -+0. 11ml| | 1000 ml| 1 L NaOH| | | | Grams of Aspirin: 0. 00057 mol NaOH| 1 mol C9H8O4| 180. 157 g C9H804| =| 0. 1027 g C9H8O4| | 1 mol NaOH| 1 mol C9H804| | | Percentage of aspirin: 0. 1027 g| X| 100%| /| 0. 100 g | =| 102. 69 % C9H804| Percent Uncertainty: 0. 10 ml | x| 100%| /| 5. 70 ml| =| -+ 1. 75%| 0. 001 g | x| 100%| /| 0. 229 g| =| -+ 0. 44 %| -+ 1. 75%| +| -+ 0. 44 %| =| -+ 2. 19 %| | Trial| Aspirin Tablet (Grams)| Percent of C9H804| AveragePercent| Aspirin A| 1| 0. 98| 488. 23 %| 503. 84 %| | 2| 0. 603| 520. 65 %| | | 3| 0. 599| 502. 64 %| | Aspirin B| 1| 0. 217| 95. 48 %| 99. 09 %| | 2| 0. 223| 100. 89 %| | | 3| 0. 224| 97. 28 %| | | 4| 0. 229| 102. 69 %| | Conclusions and evaluations: The percentage of aspirin in both of tablet s was determined. The electronic pH tester made the development of the experiment much more efficient because the values became more exact, although it was not used in the first trials which showed a much larger difference in precision than accuracy, still the measurements show a pattern so they are in the same range. Some of the results vary in unspecific patterns which display random error present, for example in trials 1 and 3 the mass of the aspirin tablet A is almost the same but the percent of acid in both varies in approximately 14 %. The same type of error can be seen in trial 4 in aspirin B which shows a similar percent of acid compared to trial 2 and both have a large difference in mass. The results show numerous differences between tablets so the conclusion we can get is that some tablets contain almost 100% acetylsalicylic acid. When using the pH indicator some errors might have been produced because of the uncertainty about how â€Å"pink† the solution had to turn to become neutral, this was a random error. There was also random error when performing this experiment, the measurements on the different utensils might not have been exact so there might be small differences from the true value, apart from the uncertainties of the burette and other measuring devices we used. This is why in the aspirin B trials the measurements were more accurate because of the use of the electronic pH indicator.