The Crusades Essay -- essays research papers

After the demise of Charlemagne in 814 and the possible breakdown of his domain, Europe was enduring an onslaught and on edge. Roaming individuals from Asia ravaged eastern and focal Europe until the tenth century. Starting around 800, a few centuries of Viking strikes upset life in northern Europe and even compromised Mediterranean urban areas. Be that as it may, the best danger originated from the powers of Islam. In the long run these dangers turned out to be genuine. Fights broke out and these fights diverted to wars crossing from 1095 to 1229; this more than one city, Jerusalem, on nation, Israel, one land, the Holy Land. Islamic powers had just vanquished North Africa, the eastern shores of the Mediterranean, and the majority of Spain by the eighth century. They additionally settled bases in Italy, extraordinarily decreased the size and intensity of the Byzantine Empire, and assumed control over its capital, Constantinople. Islam was spreading considerably quicker than the Islamic armed force was winning. The five mainstays of Islam engaged many, as did the Koran and the organizer of Islam, Muhammad. In the long run, Islam represented a danger of an adversary culture and religion which appeared to be engaging and relentless. By the eleventh century the perceived leverage started to swing toward the West. The congregation turned out to be increasingly brought together and more grounded from a change development to end the act of lords introducing significant church, for example, diocesans, in office. Popes had the option to successfully join European well known help behind them. This extraordinarily a dded to the well known intrigue of the main Crusades. Europe's populace was developing, its urban life was starting to resuscitate, and both significant distance and neighborhood exchange were step by step expanding. European human and financial assets could now bolster new endeavors on the size of the Crusades. A developing populace made more riches in this manner implied a more noteworthy interest for products from somewhere else. Along these lines common interests matched with strict sentiments about the Holy Land thus the campaigns started. Pope Urban II, in a discourse at Clermont in France in November 1095, required an incredible Christian undertaking to liberate Jerusalem from the Turks, another Muslim force that had as of late started effectively annoying tranquil Christian pioneers venturing out to Jerusalem. These components were authentic causes, and simultaneously, helpful legitimizations for the pope's require a Crusade. Therefore, Urban's discourse engaged a large number of individuals everything being equal... ...cceed, notwithstanding, in wrestling from Saladin control of a chain of urban areas along the Mediterranean coast. By October 1192, when Richard at last left the Holy Land, the Latin Kingdom had been reconstituted. Littler than the first realm and significantly more vulnerable militarily and financially, the subsequent realm went on for one more century. All in all, the campaigns were a significant piece of European history that truly influences the world. These individuals battled for what they had faith in and, possibly, in the event that they had not battled for what they put stock in, we would rehearse Islam rather than Christianity. In spite of the fact that numerous individuals lost their lives and circumstances were difficult, level of influence was available to all, and it continued for such a long time, the campaigns were battled about the Holy Land to save and secure the parts of each side's religion. These initial three campaigns appear, the best, that they were so critical to everybody and how they could have influenced the present reality. At long last I attempted to sum up yet in addition attempt to give focuses that the vast majority didn't think about the campaigns that make them noteworthy, significant, and expected to see how these individuals can battle about something like this land, The Holy Land.

300 Movie

The film I decided to assess is the dream activity film, â€Å"300. † 300 is an anecdotal retelling of the Battle of Thermopylae, wherein the Greeks attempted to hold off an attack of the Persian Empire. The author’s message, from an administration point of view, shows what a gathering of officer would accomplish for their ruler and how they rouse a nation. Various scenes from the film will delineate that King Leonidas is an incredible pioneer with extraordinary conviction for what he has faith in. Leonidas has numerous incredible administration qualities. Leonidas has all the qualities a decent pioneer needs. He has insight, fearlessness, assurance, respectability, and amiability. Despite the fact that Leonidas has allocated initiative, he likewise has developing administration. He is designated ruler simply after he has been tried by the thorough conventional Spartan inceptions into adulthood. In the wake of being assessed during childbirth to check whether he was deserving of being a Sparta, Leonidas was tossed into the wild at 7 years old and left to endure. Leonidas returned alive to demonstrate to his dad, and his kin that he is proficient to be their ruler. As ruler, Leonidas order real, coercive, and reward power like his partner, Xerxes of Persia. In any case, Leonidas additionally has referent force that Xerxes doesn't. Leonidas’ fighters enjoyed him and would bite the dust for him. Xerces’ armed force was comprised of slaves and brutes that dread for their lives. They are compelled to battle, and when they come up short, Xerxes gets chafed and guillotines them. Leonidas’ authority style is both mandate and strong. He gave explicit directions on the most proficient method to fight against the mind-boggling Persian Army and he additionally takes part in battle with his military. After a triumph he lauds his trooper for their valiance and mental fortitude. He regards and recognizes each soldier’s exertion in the fights. Leonidas has high undertaking and high relationship conduct with his military. Leonidas confronted numerous difficulties all through the film. One model was first and foremost, when the Persian detachment came to Leonidas and gave him Xerxes’ final offer. He had a troublesome choice to make. His choice would affect the entire country. Would it be advisable for him to surrender to the Persian armed force or would it be advisable for him to proclaim war? As he contemplates his answer, he saw his kin, their youngsters, and his better half. He considered his Spartan legacy and qualities. Spartans don’t give up or dread anything. Acting as per real initiative characterized, he lead by kicking the Persian delivery person into the well. His activities show his kin that he would not let anybody attack the realm, regardless of the restriction. He gave them that his administration is veritable and he would not defeatist regardless of whether he is extraordinarily outmatched. Leonidas is an ideal head for the circumstances in the film. In fight, a pioneer must have legitimate forces. He should have dedication and fascination of his warriors. He should likewise have exceptionally organized key designs for his fighters. The phalanx development the Spartans use requires the troopers to battle as one to be solid. The possibility hypothesis of initiative would characterize Leonidas as being in a truly great circumstance. In an ideal circumstance, the pioneer and devotees will be viable. As observed through the vast majority of the film, Leonidas and his officers were successful in the entirety of their fights until they were out flanked by the Persians toward the end. Leonidas has great dyadic associations with his men. He and his Captain, Artemis battled nearby each other when they were youthful. He additionally creates common trust and regard from Artemis and his officers, how might he be able to of persuade the 300 men to battle the entire Persian armed force. He realizes that each man is a warrior and that they have beneficiaries at home. They are likewise pleased to battle close by Leonidas. He doesn’t enroll them and take them to war. It is clear when he got together with the Arcadians. At the point when the Arcadian General, Daxos deride Leonidas about what a small number of men he brought to the war front, Leonidas approached three Arcadians for their calling. They reacted with Potter, Sculptor, and Blacksmith. Leonidas at that point goes to his fighters and asked them. They reacted with supporting and sure snorts of fortitude for their pioneer. As per the Leader-Member Exchange Theory, administration is a procedure that is focused on associations between the pioneer and his adherents. By having top notch pioneer part trades with his men, Leonidas can have positive exhibitions and responsibility from his men and be triumphant in the fights. Leonidas was likewise ready to lead through transformational administration. Transformational initiative achieves positive change to the pioneer and to the individuals who follow. Leonidas headed into a troublesome war fearlessly with the goal that his kin may stay free. After different assaults on the Spartans had come up short, Xerxes require a crowd of people with Leonidas. He offered Leonidas sovereignties in the event that he put down his arms and be Xerxes’ general. However, Leonidas thought of his kin and his realm. His kin would need to serve the Persians and on the off chance that he gave up, how might he answer to his predecessors. By giving up he would not be a genuine Spartan. Leonidas kept his respect and dismissed Xerxes. He pondered his adherents before himself. By doing this, even in death Leonidas had the option to motivate and animate the Greek nation to work together and battle off the Persian Invasion. All in all, Leonidas is a decent pioneer as delineated in the film. He has an expansive scope of administration aptitudes and attributes, yet I trust Leonidas is best at driving with transformational initiative. His appeal emphatically warrants him to lead through transformational administration and given the circumstances of the film, Leonidas is ideal to utilize transformational authority. Likewise, the message the film entitles is that one incredible man or country can move an entire nation to remain as one and join towards a shared objective.

Spring Weekend Concert Announced Fabolous and Lloyd Banks

Spring Weekend Concert Announced Fabolous and Lloyd Banks One of the biggest events of the spring at MIT is always Spring Weekend, and the highlight of the weekend is the annual Spring Concert, where a national musical act performs on campus. The headliners for this years Spring Concert will be hip hop stars Fabolous and Lloyd Banks, both East Coast rappers who call New York City home. You may know Fabolous from his songs such as I Cant Deny It and Breathe, and you may know Lloyd Banks from 50 Cents crew G Unit. The concert will be on the Friday of Spring Weekend, April 22. While there are always awesome concerts in Boston, its pretty exciting to have an awesome concert a minute from your dorm. Previous Spring Concerts have featured Live, Slick Rick, Jurassic 5, Sugar Ray, Spin Doctors, Blues Traveler, They Might Be Giants, Busta Rhymes, The Roots, Sonic Youth, Violent Femmes, Belly, Jesus Jones, Fishbone, and 10,000 Maniacs. Spring Weekend (teaser site here) has other cool events. On the Friday afternoon of every Spring Weekend, youll find the International Fair (or I-Fair), where the many international student groups of MIT show off their food, drink, dress, dance, music and other traditions. Its one of my favorite events of the year. Two events being wrapped into Spring Weekend for the first time this year (though both occur annually) are the Fierce Forever drag show on Thursday night, and a Holi celebration on Sunday (see photos and videos of previous Holi celebrations). Should be a pretty awesome weekend.

Money Supply and Inflation Essay - 1724 Words

Money Supply plays an important role in macroeconomic analysis, especially in selecting an appropriate monetary and fiscal policy. Considerably, I am yet to come across theoretical work that has been done on this topic (analysis money supply and its impact on other variable i.e. inflation, interest rate, real GDP and nominal GDP). However some other topics similar to this one have been done by AL-SHARKAS, Adel, where he uses the same technique and models on the topic ‘out put response to shocks to interest rate, inflation and stock returns. His work investigates the relationship between the Jordanian output and other macroeconomics variables such as inflation, interest rate and stock returns. His paper employs the VAR approach method of†¦show more content†¦Business firms response to increase in sales by ordering more raw materials and increasing production. The spread of business activities increases the demand for labour and raises the demand for capital goods. In a buoyant economy prices rise and firms issue equity and debt. It the Money Supply continues to expand prices begin to rise; especially it out put growth reaches capacity limits. As the public begins to expect inflation, lenders insist on higher interest rates to offset an expected decline in purchasing power over the life f their loans. Thus there is relationship money supply and inflation (other macroeconomic variables like interest rates, real GDP and nominal GDP) and therefore when there is shocks in the money supply it does affect the those variables( Gujarat basic econometrics 004 4th ed). However, despite the importance of previous studies until now, the majority of research considers developed countries economies with regard to demand for money with out going further in to the relationship in less developed countries. This being the case the relationship in less developed, macroeconomic variables money supply and economic activity in developing countries still needs lengthy analysis and more research attention. The objective or purpose of this term paper is to show theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Cash Reserve Ratio Reduction On Inflation, Money Supply, Employment Rates And Gross Domestic Product1977 Words   |  8 Pages2015 Spring Economics Assignment Question 1: Effects of Cash Reserve Ratio Reduction on Inflation, Money Supply, Employment Rates and Gross Domestic Product Regulators of financial matters and performance in a given country or region are often faced with the difficult task of ensuring that the performance of the economy is always positive. This is because the economy of a country directly influences the standard of living in the country through factors such as employment and the overall prices ofRead MoreInflation1301 Words   |  6 PagesInflation, Types, Causes, Impacts and Remedies Inflation In  economics,  inflation  is a rise in the general  level of prices of goods and services in an  economy  over a period of time.  When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. Consequently, inflation also reflects an erosion in the  purchasing power of money – a loss of real value in the internal medium of exchange and unit of account in the economy  A chief measure of price inflation is the inflation rateRead MoreThe Phillips Curve and The Quantity Theory of Money1128 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationship between inflation rate and the unemployment rate. When the unemployment was high, the inflation rate would be low; the inflation rate was high, the unemployment rate would be low. Here we have the statistics data of the inflation rate and unemployment rate from 2007-2011. On the other hand, Phillipss â€Å"curve† also represented the average relationship between unemployment and wage behavior over the business cycle. In the short run, there is a tradeoff between inflation rate and unemploymentRead MoreThe Growth Of A Country s Economy By David Hume And Adam Smith Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesBecause inflation is one of the most crucial indexes for citizens and government to evaluate the overall performance of a country’s economy, it has been widely examined and analyzed by economists throughout history. Back in the 18th century, though the term â€Å"inflation† was not adopted by writers focusing on the science of economics yet, two influential thinkers in Europe already included their view about the cause and subsequent effect of a general rise in price for goods in their works. During theRead MoreModels of Determination of Interest Rates Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic factors affecting every household, firm and government all over the world. It is, as described by Parkin et al (2005), the opportunity cost of holding money, that is, the price of borrower are w illing to pay for the use of the loan. On the other hand, it is also the compensation to the risk that lenders take in lending the money. (investopedia.com, n.a. 2003) By lenders and borrowers, it refers to individuals, businesses, financial instruments and governments. IR can be also categorisedRead MoreMonetary Policy Essay1450 Words   |  6 PagesMonetary Policy The tools used by the Federal Reserve to control the money supply There are three tools that the Federal Reserve (The Fed) uses to control the money supply. The first tool is the Spread between the Discount Rate (DR) and the Federal Funds Rate (FFR). This spread determines if banks will be more inclined to borrow from the Fed or from other banks. The Second tool the Fed uses to control the money supply is the Required Reserve Ratio (RRR). The Fed mandates a percentage (ratio) ofRead MoreA Better Monetary Policy Central1612 Words   |  7 Pagesin the Environment of Low Inflation CONTENTS 1 Introduction 2 2 Problems 2 2.1 Low Inflation Retards Economic Recovery 2 2.1 It Remains Questionable Which Monetary Policy is Better 3 3 Comparison Between Interest Rate Policy and Money Supply Policy 3 3.1 The Advantages and Drawbacks of Lowering Interest Rate 3 3.2 The Advantages and Drawbacks of Increasing Money Supply 4 4 Conclusion 5 5 List of References 6 Keywords: Monetary Policy; Interest Rate; Money Supply; Central Bank IntroductionRead MoreCase Study Questions On Money Supply Essay729 Words   |  3 PagesMiguel Espada HW #11 Chapter 17 1. Chapter 17 problem 1 Money supply (M)= $500 billion Nominal GDP= $10 trillion Real GDP=$5 trillion A) The price level (GDP deflator) is $10trillion/$5trillion x 100 = 200% The Velocity of money $10 trillion/$0.5 trillion =20 B) With a stable velocity, if the Fed keeps the money supply constant then the nominal GDP remains unchanged but the price level decrease by percent next year. The impact of an increase in the economy’sRead MoreThe Inflation Definition And Influences Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pages1.1 The inflation definition and influences Inflation is general defined as the devaluation of the currency with the comprehensive and continued rising price level, which means the purchase of money is persistent declining (James and Charles 1975). And this is generally considered as the result of the amount of money in circulation more than the actual needs of the economy. It will directly leads to the devaluation of paper money. If the income of residents do not change, then the living standardRead MoreThe Inflation Definition And Influences1646 Words   |  7 Pages1.1 The inflation definition and influences Inflation is general defined as the devaluation of the currency with the comprehensive and continued rising price level, which means the purchase of money is persistent declining (James and Charles 1975). And this is generally considered as the result of the amount of money in circulation more than the actual needs of the economy. It will directly leads to the devaluation of paper money. If the income of residents do not change, then the living standard

Feminism The Feminist Movement Essay - 1894 Words

The Feminist Movement During the 19th century, Feminism had a massive effect on the females’ role in society and in everyday life. After a while women got sick of living the â€Å"strict† lifestyle.[1] The females were getting bored with staying in the house and not being able to do what they wanted. They decide that they had enough and needed to make a change. They wanted equality between men and women and wanted the same opportunities that men received. Feminism had a huge effect on the everyday role of women. It is a well-known fact that men were granted with rights; which in essence mean that women had little to none. The women, fighting for what they believed in or sought to happen in the future was in essence the beginning of the Feminist movement also known as the Women’s movement. Motivated by the quest for social justice, feminist inquiry provides a wide range of perspectives on social, cultural, economic, and political phenomena. There are typically thought to be three waves of feminism, each of which concerned themselves with particular issues related to women.[2] In what ways did the Feminist Movement help mode and shape the lives of women of present times? Due to the uprising of the Feminist Movement, women today have more rights, privileges and are given equal rights to that of a man. The Feminist Movement consists of three waves. The first wave of feminism known as the Suffrage Movement, took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emerging out of anShow MoreRelatedFeminism And The Feminist Movement Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesThe feminist movement came to fruition during the early 20th century. Over all, the push for women s suffrage and rights was strong, but further enhanced by leaders like Alice Paul and Jane Addams. The idea of equal rights for all was further scrutinized and contested after civil rights were granted to former slaves. Women began to push for similar equality as illustrated through the feminist movement. The feminist movement became very large and sprouted subsections, one being a subsectionRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesThe feminist movement has transformed over the past century through the strength of thousands of women who were willing to put their lives and reputations on the line to fight against social injustice. The feminist movement has a common theme: rights and respect for women. However, it’s goals, methods and conceptions of who is included under the identity â€Å"feminist† has evolved considerably since the 19th century. The U.S. feminist movement’s objectives have progressed from prioritizing legislationRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement924 Words   |  4 Pagesplaylist I chose to focus on an overall theme of Feminism and the impact that women in popular music have through music. A feminist supports the ideals for equal rights for women. They share a common goal to achieve equal political, econ omic, personal, social and cultural rights. The women music genre emerged during the second-wave feminist movement. Women artists have taken to the music industry to express the idea of women rights through a feminist movement. This playlist includes eight songs from today’sRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pagescreated works that were completely original, and treated everyone with respect, dignity, and authenticity. Roxane Gay’s â€Å"Bad Feminist: Take One† ruminates on the authenticity of feminist identity constructed on principles of â€Å"essential feminism.† Ultimately, Gay arrives at the conclusion that narrowly constructed and rigidly defined fundamentals or â€Å"essentials† of feminism conflict with the complexities of womanhood and lead to an inauthentic (and unacceptable) identity. Gay advocates that genderRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement1110 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Fayson English 1102 Professor Williams I Spy Feminism In today’s society if we asked people the first thing that came to their mind when they heard the word equality, my bet is that not many of them would say something along the lines of male versus female. Females before, during, and after the feminist movement have been subject to discrimination because of what doesn’t lie in between their legs. Females are often steered away from the things they enjoy doing simply because it may seemRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement910 Words   |  4 PagesFeminism is a movement that I have never really claimed myself to be a part. I have nothing against those who want to stand for what they believe in, but I think there’s a way it should be done. Feminism is something that I have questioned a lot and have looked into. I am completely for women feeling empowered; however, I find many things that I disagree with when it comes to the feminist movement. I’ve listed five of them: 1. Feminists tend to paint the picture like men are the only problem. ItRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement Essay1339 Words   |  6 PagesAt its very core, the feminist movement aims to create gender equality. However on the individual level, feminism becomes a lot more nuanced, as feminists come from many different backgrounds, have many different experiences, and identify themselves in many different ways. Feminism is a movement for everyone, not just women, as it also addresses many other issues as a result of intersecting identities. Although gender equality seems like a logical enough goal, many people are afraid to identify specificallyRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement1006 Words   |  5 Pages Early feminism was typically focused only on white women, likely because racism was still extremely prominent at the time feminism began emerging. It was not until Kimberlà © Crenshaw introduced the term â€Å"intersectionality† in 1989 that feminism started to look at oppressed group’s needs (Nash, 2008, 2). Intersectionality is a way of thinking that acknowledges that when a person has identities that belong to more than one oppressed group, it impacts their quality of life more negatively. In this paperRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement1304 Words   |  6 Pagesthe rise of the feminist movement there have been many significant advances toward women gaining equality in all aspects of life. Media has a strong influence on society and it is continuously educating, informing and conditioning how humans behave and display themselves. With the media endorsing so many hyper sexualized images of men and women, it is very unlikely that these ideas would render no i mpact on our sense of identity. Feminism is a social principle and political movement mostly based onRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement1451 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Feminism? According to the English Dictionary, Feminism is a doctrine advocating social, political, and economic equality for all sexes. For the last 100 years men and women had fought tirelessly for equality of the sexes. The Women’s Liberation Movement, also known as the Feminist Movement made aggressive changes in the history of women oppression in society. This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh, she shall be called a women, so God created man in his own image. â€Å"Genesis 1:26-27

Draft Process for Major Sports Free Essays

A draft is a procedure used to apportion certain players to sports teams, particularly college players for involvement in professional sports (Encarta, 2009). During a draft, teams take turns in selecting from a pool of qualified players. Accordingly, when a team selects a player, the former receives exclusive rights to sign the latter to a contract. We will write a custom essay sample on Draft Process for Major Sports or any similar topic only for you Order Now The most recognized mode of draft is the entry draft, which is utilized to allocate recently qualified players to play in a certain league. NFL The NFL team that finished with the worst record during the preceding year is granted the first draft pick, unless the team had earlier made a trade that relinquished its right to pick first. NFL draft has seven rounds and, accordingly, every team can each have seven selections. The draft is held in April and is every NFL team’s chance to improve the roster by adding new talented players. Only upon completion of four years of play that a college player becomes eligible to join the NFL draft. In the recent decades, however, a growing number of players have preferred to enter the draft as underclassmen by going out of high school for at least three years. NBA The May NBA Draft Lottery is a yearly event that establishes the order of selection among non-playoff teams to take part in the process of obtaining rights to pick promising young local collegiate and foreign players. For teams that do not win one of the top three picks in the lottery, the order of the selection will be decided by the order of their regular season win-loss record. During the calendar year of the draft an aspirant must be no less than 18 years of age to qualify for the draft. Moreover, a draftee who completed high school basketball eligibility must be separated for no less than one year from the time of his class graduation. MLB Every year the MLB holds two drafts, which lasts up to 50 rounds; however, a much shorter draft is carried out in Rule 5 draft. The Rule 5 draft takes place every December, during the general managers’ annual Winter Meeting. The selection order is also based on each team’s previous regular season win-loss record, with the team with the worst record starts every round. MLB draftees are either college baseball players who have played three years and who have turned 21 years of age or high-school graduates who have opted not to go to college. However, players who have been in the organization for four years and were signed at age 18 or younger, or were signed at age 19 or older and have been in the organization for three years but are not on their major league organization’s 40-man roster, are eligible for selection in the Rule 5 draft. NHL Every year, the NHL holds a seven-round off-season draft. Similar to the NBA, the NHL makes use of a lottery system to establish which team gets the top pick, beginning with the five teams with worst previous season record. However, like any other drafts, teams are allowed to trade draft picks. Any overseas player over 18, and any North American player age 18-20, is eligible to join the draft. Players are generally chosen from overseas clubs, the NCAA, high schools, and junior hockey teams. Cities with teams in the league take turn with the NHL draft’s location. MLS MLS teams draft players at the annual MLS SuperDraft. The draft is divided into four rounds with fourteen picks each, with the worst team likewise getting the first draft pick. The selection order is decided as follows: the first six selections are given to teams that did not make it to the playoffs beginning with the team with least previous regular season points; while the other eight positions are ranked by least regular season points amongst the teams that were eliminated in the same round of the preceding playoffs. However, an expansion team is given the first draft pick in each round. In order to be eligible for the draft, aspirants must be: college players who are nominated by MLS teams and no longer have college eligibility; invited to join in the draft year’s MLS Player Combine; or generation adidas-signed players. Conclusion Every year, the NFL, NBA, MLB, NHL and MLS conduct its draft. Depending on the sport, the players may come from junior teams, high school or college teams or teams in other countries. In recent years, these drafts have become spectator events, receiving the attention of millions of audiences throughout their drafting periods. Certain rules are relevant during their respective draft processes, some of which serve to make watching them a thing of some excitement and suspense. Reference Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia. (2009). Draft (sports). Retrieved July 13, 2009, from http://encarta. msn. com How to cite Draft Process for Major Sports, Essays

Affirmative Action- Negative Team free essay sample

In response to such suppressive inequalities, the United States decided to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964, outlawing major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, religions, and women. In 1961, President Kennedy had introduced affirmative action, and in 1965 President Johnson began to put it into effect. Affirmative Action was meant to balance out some of the inequalities that had been holding back minorities from opportunities to excel in things such as; employment and school. Affirmative action was thought to be a temporary effort to fix inequalities that would, over time, fade away. However, here we are in the year 2013 and affirmative action is still largely being enforced. Because of this, much controversy over its relevance in our current day society strongly exists. While proponents may argue that Affirmative Action is still needed, many feel that it is now counter-productive. Americans tend to be a highly competitive society, favoring an applicant due to their skin color, religion or ethnicity unfairly gives a boost to those that are competing on ability alone (Storey, 2011). Currently the Supreme Court is reviewing the case of Fisher vs. University of Texas, in which Abigail Fisher, a white student, was denied admission to the University of Texas due to Affirmative Action. She brought the University of Texas to court based on the fact that she felt the rejection â€Å"violated the Equal Rights Protection of the 14th  Amendment† (Hu, 2012). When two students are applying to a college and they have the same SAT and GPA scores, one should not gain admission simply because the  college has a quota system. This is akin to reverse discrimination. Also, admitting a student based on these criteria may place a student in a school in which they will perform poorly due to being ill equipped to handle the more competitive environment. This sets one up for failure and demeans their ability to achieve success on their own merits. It is also demeaning and condescending to the applicant as they will be viewed as less capable by their peers. Affirmative Action takes away the incentive for one to perform to the best of their abilities, leading to lower achievement. â€Å"Students end up with poor grades (usually in the bottom fifth of their class), lower graduation rates, extremely high attrition rates from science and engineering majors, substantial self-segregation on campus, lower self-esteem and far greater difficulty passing licensing tests†Ã‚  (Sander Stuart, 2012) Many believe that affirmative action is needed to maintain a diverse educational system, when studies have shown that in fact it does exactly the opposite. â€Å"Economics professor Peter Arcidiacono and his colleagues at Duke University found in a 2011 study that students were much more likely to become friends with classmates they saw as academically similar to themselves. Students with large preferences were more likely to self-segregate and find themselves socially isolated. (Sander Taylor, 2012, p. 3)   A few of the examples that these supporters have used to support their positive stance includes students that have started at a disadvantage are given an opportunity that they may not have otherwise had, some stereotypes may never be broken without affirmative action and it helps lead a color blind society. These are all positive aspects that as a society we should strive to maintain but in no way does affirmative action help withhold these benefits. The problem with these so called â€Å"benefits† is it forms a reverse discrimination; tension is caused between different ethnic groups and creates more biased opinions. When a person see’s someone admitted to a school or hired for a job based on their ethnicity and not on their achievements this causes many frustrations and has been known to widen the racial gap, in turn, breeding stereotypes. Racial equality is one of the biggest issues our society faces; however, race based affirmative action â€Å"treats the symptoms but not the root causes of an underlying social problem,† (Espenshade, 2012). Instead of basing college admissions of ethnicity, we need to take a closer look at why different races are behind in the first place, â€Å"entering kindergarten black children are one year behind white children, and when they graduate high school black teenagers are four years behind white teenagers,† (Espenshade, 2012). We should be addressing this issue in kindergarten instead of at the college level and determining how we can correct the problem of the â€Å"racial and socioeconomic gap in academic performance† from the first day of school. One of the most profound conclusions that can be taken from affirmative action is ones attitude and how they will relate to the balancing of demographic status and evaluation of procedures that are directly associated to the choosing of prospective students and/or candidates. Overall the evidence before us seems to acknowledge not only the injustices that affirmative action creates, but the disproportionate injustices of those of diverse ethnicities, race, sexual orientation, disabilities and women endure as a result, as well. It appears the indicative problem with affirmative action is that it is intended to provide a provisional and unsatisfactory remedy to deep problems without really addressing and banishing the underlying cause. Society as a whole must strive to exchange affirmative action with fair and equitable treatment for all. Of course, this will require significant changes in the corporate and educational institute process as well as social attitudes. Diversity is becoming a way of life for some but not enough people have embraced this concept. Unfortunately, affirmative action is not the first step towards equality for all but instead it is the culmination process. Annotated Bibliography Espenshade, Thomas J. (October 4th 2012). Moving Beyond Affirmative Action. NY Times. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2012/10/05/opinion/moving-beyond-affirmative-action. ht ml Espenshade believes that race-conscious affirmative action is necessary, and often beneficial. He feels if affirmative action is abolished, selective colleges and universities will face a less diverse environment and that the racial and socioeconomic gap in academic performance is America’s most pressing domestic issue. Hu, Helen. Debate over affirmative action in college admissions continues.   Diverse Issues in Higher Education  25 Oct. 2012: 8. Academic OneFile. Web. 25 Feb. 2013. Retrieved from: http://go. galegroup. com. library. esc. edu/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA307917321v=2. 1u=escit=rp=AONEsw=w Hu references the case of Fisher vs. University of Texas, in which Abigail Fisher, a white student, was denied admission to the University of Texas. She brought the University of Texas to court based on the fact that she felt the rejection â€Å"violated the Equal Rights Protection of the 14th  Amendment,† due to the fact that she felt it was a case of reverse discrimination. The district and appellate courts upheld the University’s decision and on February 21st  2012 the U. S Supreme Court agreed to hear the case. This case is currently ongoing with the U. S Supreme Court and no decision has yet been made. Sander, R. , Stuart, T. ,Jr. (2012, Oct 13). REVIEW the unraveling of affirmative action. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/1104427183? accountid=8067 Sander and Stuart review the problems students face when Affirmative Action is used to place a student in an environment in which they are not suited, too often setting them up for failure instead of success. Instead it has been found that minorities, who are more properly placed in median schools or at the level of their actual capabilities, tend to excel much faster. Furthermore, it is believed that by fostering diversity in the classroom it will inevitably create cross-racial friendships, instead studies have shown that affirmative action can actually have an opposite affect. Storey, W. (2011, February). Affirmative action evaluated. Politics Review,  20(3), 21+. Retrieved from http://go. galegroup. com. library. esc. edu/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA248735692v=2. 1u=escit=rp=ITOFsw=w Storey reviews how the people with the strongest opposition to affirmative action when it was first introduced